BMD

Regions to report:

• L1-L4 (if focal artifact / DDD, exclude affected vertebra but try to avoid reporting only 1 level)
• Hip (Lowest of femoral neck or total hip)
• Forearm (if needed) (33% or 1/3 radius)

Diagnosis is from lowest T-score above:

• -1.0 or better - Normal
• -1.01 to -2.49 - Osteopenia
• -2.5 or worse - Osteoporosis

Ignore changes in BMD <3%

Changes in BMD >10% are usually measurement error

FRAX:

Pts treated if >50 AND [ osteoporotic OR hip/spine fracture OR { osteopenic AND (hip fracture risk >=3% OR major osteoporotic fracture risk >=20%) } ]

Only report FRAX in osteopenic patients, not already being treated, >50 y/o, without prior hip or vertebral fracture

VFA:

Fracture grading:

• Grade 1: 20-25% height loss
• Grade 2: 25-40%
• Grade 3: >40%